Apoptosis

There are many forms of cell death, most of which can be triggered by a variety of stimuli and physiological conditions. The often compared are apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis has become the focus of research area due to its complex nature and the different roles of maintaining healthy and self-sustaining biological entities. On the other hand, necrosis is a form of cell damage against acute external injury and trauma, leading to passive cell death and causing an inflammatory response. [1]

The BCl-2 family has been identified as its important role in apoptosis. The BH domain promotes interaction of family members with one another and may be indicative of pro-apoptotic or anti-apoptotic functions. Usually the BCL-2 family have been classified into one of three subfamilies; anti-apoptosis,  BH3 only (pro-apoptotic) and pro-apoptotic proteins. The great promise for cancer therapy has been shown in recent research about BCL-2 targeting.[2]

In the cell cycle, apoptosis acts as a fail-safe measure to prevent fidelity and proliferation quality. Although a certain degree of genetic variation is allowed and evolution is promoted, regenerative cells with extensive genetic errors and cell damage are subject to apoptosis. P53 is the Key role in the cell cycle system which  initiate the apoptosis in certain cell types. P53 is a widely studied tumor suppressor. The p53 tumor suppressor gene is most frequently mutated in cancer cells (mutation occurs in more than 50% of human cancers) [3], which makes the restriction mechanism ineffective. Tumorigenesis is likely to commence when the p53-based preventive system loses its function completely.

Expression of stimuli, such as DNA damage, hypoxia and activation of certain oncoproteins (eg, Myc, Ras) are dependent on the apoptotic pathway of p53 [4]. The transactivation function of p53 plays an important role in inducing apoptosis, the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax and lgF-Bp3, are transcriptional targets of p53.[5] As a well-known tumor suppressor, p53 is recognized for its ability to initiate apoptosis in the cell cycle and its ability to induce cell arrest and DNA repair in regenerative cells. In addition to p53, there are many other cell cycle regulators that can affect apoptosis (eg, pRb, p21).

Many studies have emphasized the importance of apoptosis in the self-defense mechanism or immune system. The immune system is responsible for rendering the host resistant to a variety of external pathogens. Apoptosis is an integral part of the immune system and helps maintain the homeostasis of the immune system.  Secondly, the immune system relies on apoptosis to eliminate unwanted functional maturation of T cells and B cells [6].  Finally, apoptosis confers cytotoxicity to certain cell types (ie, cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells). A well-coordinated disruption protocol allows these cells to destroy target cells while the target cells remain intact. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can induce target cell death in two ways, one of which involves perforin and granzymes.

  • Majno G. and Joris I. (1995) Apoptosis, oncosis, and necrosis. An overview of cell death. Am. J. Pathol. 146, 3–15
  • Zhiqing Liu, et al. Drug Discov Today. 2016 Jun; 21(6): 989–996.
  • Wang X.W. and Harris C.C. (1997) p53 tumor-suppressor gene: clues to molecular carcinogenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 173, 247–255 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199711)173:2%3c247::AID-JCP30%3e3.0.CO;2-A.
  • Levine A.J. (1997) p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division. Cell 88, 323–331 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81871-1.
  • Owen-Schaub LB,et al. Owen-Schaub LB,Wild-type human p53 and a temperature-sensitive mutant induce Fas/APO-1 expression. Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Jun; 15(6):3032-40.
  • Russell J.H. (1995) Activation-induced death of mature T cells in the regulation of immune responses. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 7, 382–388 10.1016/0952-7915(95)80114-6.

产品 51 到 100 共 145个

每页
页面:
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3

设置降序顺序
  1. Idasanutlin (RG7388)

    Catalog No. A14211
    Quick View
    MDM2/p53 抑制剂
    Idasanutlin (RG7388)是一种有效的选择性p53-MDM2抑制剂。 了解更多
  2. YH239-EE

    Catalog No. A14118
    Quick View
    Mdm2 抑制剂
    YH239-EE是有效的p53-MDM2拮抗剂和凋亡诱导剂。 了解更多
  3. AMG232

    Catalog No. A14394
    MDM2 抑制剂
    AMG 232是MDM2-p53相互作用的高效,选择性生物利用的哌啶酮抑制剂(SPR KD = 0.045 nM,SJSA-1 EdU IC50 = 9.1 nM)。 了解更多
  4. MI-773

    Catalog No. A15440
    Quick View
    MDM2 抑制剂
    MI-773是可用的MDM2拮抗剂,Ki为0.88 nM。 了解更多
  5. PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-2

    Catalog No. A18890
    Quick View
    MDM2 inhibitor
    PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-2 is a MDM2 degrader based on PROTAC technology. PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-2 composes of a potent MDM2 inhibitor, linker, and the MDM2 ligand for E3 ubiquitin ligase. 了解更多
  6. PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-4

    Catalog No. A18877
    Quick View
    MDM2 inhibitor
    PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-4 is a MDM2 degrader based on PROTAC technology. PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-4 composes of a potent MDM2 inhibitor, linker, and the MDM2 ligand for E3 ubiquitin ligase. 了解更多
  7. MA242

    Catalog No. A13480
    Quick View
    dual MDM2/NFAT1 inhibitor
    MA242 is a dual inhibitor of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1) for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. 了解更多
  8. APG-115

    Catalog No. A12575
    Quick View
    MDM2 inhibitor
    APG-115 (AA-115) is an orally active MDM2 protein inhibitor binding to MDM2 protein with IC50 and Ki values of 3.8 nM and 1 nM, respectively. 了解更多
  9. RO8994

    Catalog No. A20865
    Quick View
    MDM2 inhibitor
    RO8994 is a highly potent and selective series of spiroindolinone small-molecule MDM2 inhibitor, with IC50 of 5 nM (HTRF binding assays) and 20 nM (MTT proliferation assays). 了解更多
  10. Nutlin 3a

    Catalog No. A11501
    Quick View
    MDM2 抑制剂
    Nutlin 3a是与p53结合的MDM2(小鼠双分钟2)有效抑制剂,可诱导p53调控基因的表达,并在表达功能性p53的细胞中表现出有效的抗增殖活性。 了解更多
  11. Embelin

    Catalog No. A13055
    Quick View
    XIAP 抑制剂
    Embelin是一种细胞可渗透的苯醌化合物,具有抗肿瘤特性。 了解更多
  12. Apoptosis Inhibitor (M50054)

    Catalog No. A13058
    Quick View
    Apoptosis 抑制剂
    Apoptosis Inhibitor (M50054)是细胞可渗透的凋亡诱导抑制剂。 了解更多
  13. BV-6

    Catalog No. A14231
    Quick View
    dual cIAP and XIAP 抑制剂
    BV-6是一种SMAC模拟,双重cIAP和XIAP抑制剂。 了解更多
  14. AT-406 (SM-406, ARRY-334543)

    Catalog No. A11163
    Quick View
    IAP 抑制剂
    AT-406 (SM-406,ARRY-334543)是IAP家族蛋白质的口服生物利用抑制剂,具有潜在的凋亡诱导和抗肿瘤活性。AT-406选择性抑制IAP蛋白的生物学活性,包括X染色体连锁IAP(XIAP),细胞IAP 1(c-IAP1)和2(c-IAP2)和黑色素瘤凋亡抑制蛋白(ML-IAP)。 了解更多
  15. Pomalidomide (CC-4047)

    Catalog No. A10743
    Quick View
    TNF-alpha 抑制剂
    Pomalidomide (CC-4047)是沙利度胺的衍生物,在PBMCs中IC50为13 nM,并起免疫调节剂的作用。 了解更多
  16. Necrostatin-1

    Catalog No. A11973
    Quick View
    RIPK1 抑制剂
    Necrostatin-1是一种与ATP竞争的,与受体相互作用的蛋白激酶1(RIPK1)的变构抑制剂(EC50 = 182 nM)。 了解更多
  17. GW 4869

    Catalog No. A11974
    Quick View
    N-SMase 抑制剂
    W4869是N-SMase(中性鞘磷脂酶)的细胞渗透性选择性抑制剂。 了解更多
  18. Necrostatin 2

    Catalog No. A15183
    Quick View
    Necroptosis 抑制剂
    Necrostatin 2 是一种有效的坏死性抑制剂,EC50为50 nM。 了解更多
  19. Necrostatin 2 racemate

    Catalog No. A15327
    Quick View
    Necroptosis 抑制剂
    Necrostatin 2 racemate是一种有效的坏死性抑制剂,EC50为50 nM。 了解更多
  20. Necrostatin 2 S enantiomer

    Catalog No. A15328
    Quick View
    Necroptosis 抑制剂
    Necrostatin 2 S enantiomer是一种有效的坏死性抑制剂,EC50为50 nM。 了解更多
  21. Thalidomide

    Catalog No. A10924
    Quick View
    E3 ubiquitin ligase 抑制剂
    Thalidomide可以在体内直接抑制bFGF或VEGF诱导的血管生成。 了解更多
  22. C 87

    Catalog No. A12313
    Quick View
    TNFα inhibitor
    C87 is a novel small-molecule TNFα inhibitor; potently inhibits TNFα-induced cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 8.73 μM. 了解更多
  23. QNZ (EVP4593)

    Catalog No. A12748
    Quick View
    NF-κB 抑制剂
    QNZ抑制转录因子NF-κB的激活,已被用于研究NF-κB信号传导。 了解更多
  24. NSC348884

    Catalog No. A13117
    Quick View
    nucleophosmin 抑制剂
    NSC348884是一种核仁磷酸化蛋白,在核糖体的生物发生,细胞增殖,细胞质/核穿梭运输,核酸结合,核糖核酸裂解和中心体复制中显示出多种生物学活性。NSC 348884是推定的核磷蛋白(NPM)抑制剂。NSC 348884抑制NMP低聚物形成,上调p53并诱导凋亡。 了解更多
  25. RG7112

    Catalog No. A11523
    Quick View
    selective p53-MDM2 抑制剂
    RG7112是首个临床小分子MDM2抑制剂,HTRF IC50为18 nM,设计用于占据MDM2的p53结合口袋。 了解更多
  26. CBL-0137

    Catalog No. A16836
    Quick View
    p53 activator / NF-κB 抑制剂
    CBL0137 (CBL-0137)在基于细胞的p53和NF-kB报告基因检测中分别激活p53和抑制NF-kB,EC50为0.37 uM和0.47 uM。它还抑制组蛋白伴侣FACT(促进染色质转录复合物)。 了解更多
  27. Pifithrin-β

    Catalog No. A22006
    Quick View
    p53 inhibitor
    Pifithrin-β (PFT β) is a potent p53 inhibitor with an IC50 of 23 μM. 了解更多
  28. Pifithrin-alpha

    Catalog No. A12451
    Quick View
    p53 抑制剂
    Pifithrin-alpha是p53介导的细胞凋亡和p53依赖性基因转录(如细胞周期蛋白G,p21/waf1和mdm2表达)的可逆抑制剂。 了解更多
  29. Pifithrin-u

    Catalog No. A12449
    Quick View
    p53 抑制剂
    Pifithrin-u通过降低p53与抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2和Bcl-XL的亲和力来抑制p53与线粒体的结合。 了解更多
  30. p53 and MDM2 proteins-interaction-inhibitor chiral

    Catalog No. A15201
    Quick View
    p53-MDM2 interaction 抑制剂
    p53和MDM2蛋白相互作用抑制剂手性是p53和MDM2蛋白之间相互作用的抑制剂。 了解更多
  31. p53 and MDM2 proteins-interaction-inhibitor racemic

    Catalog No. A15202
    Quick View
    p53-MDM2 interaction 抑制剂
    p53和MDM2蛋白相互作用抑制剂消旋体是p53和MDM2蛋白之间相互作用的抑制剂。 了解更多
  32. SJ 172550

    Catalog No. A15352
    Quick View
    MDMX 抑制剂
    SJ 172550是第一种MD50抑制剂,EC50为0.84 uM;与MDMX可逆结合,并有效杀死其中放大了MDMX表达的成视网膜细胞瘤细胞。 了解更多
  33. Pifithrin-beta

    Catalog No. A12450
    Quick View
    p53 抑制剂
    Pifithrin-beta是p53的小分子抑制剂。 了解更多
  34. Z-FA-FMK

    Catalog No. A14284
    Quick View
    Irreversible Cysteine Protease 抑制剂
    Z-FA-FMK是不可逆的半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂。 了解更多
  35. Boc-D-FMK

    Catalog No. A15392
    Caspase 抑制剂
    BOC-D-FMK是Caspase-3的新型抑制剂。 了解更多
  36. Emricasan

    Catalog No. A11394
    Quick View
    Caspase inhibitor
    Emricasan is a first-in-class caspase inhibitor in clinical trials for the treatment of liver diseases. 了解更多
  37. Z-YVAD-FMK

    Catalog No. A16317
    Quick View
    Caspase-1 抑制剂
    Z-YVAD-FMK是有效的细胞渗透性和caspase-1不可逆抑制剂。 了解更多
  38. Z-VAD(OH)-FMK

    Catalog No. A16340
    Quick View
    Caspase 抑制剂
    Z-VAD(OH)-FMK是所有胱天蛋白酶的不可逆三肽抑制剂。 了解更多
  39. Z-FA-FMK

    Catalog No. A16381
    Quick View
    Cysteine protease 抑制剂
    Z-FA-FMK是半胱氨酸蛋白酶的不可逆抑制剂。 了解更多
    • 最新产品

    MX1013

    Catalog No. A17218
    Quick View
    pan-caspase inhibitor
    MX1013 is a dipeptide pan-caspase inhibitor that inhibits caspase-1, caspase-3, and caspase-6, 7, 8, and 9. 了解更多
  40. Nivocasan (GS-9450)

    Catalog No. A14100
    Caspase 抑制剂
    Nivocasan (GS-9450)是一种新型的caspase抑制剂,已在纤维化/凋亡动物模型中证明了其肝保护活性。 了解更多
  41. Z-WEHD-FMK

    Catalog No. A14916
    Caspase 抑制剂
    Z-WEHD-FMK是不可逆抑制caspase-5和相关caspase活性的合成肽。 了解更多
  42. Caspase-3/7 Inhibitor I

    Catalog No. A14919
    Quick View
    Caspase-3/7 抑制剂
    Caspase-3/7 Inhibitor I是caspase-3(Ki = 60 nM)和caspase-7(Ki = 170 nM)的有效,细胞可渗透且可逆的有效抑制剂。 了解更多
  43. AZ 10417808

    Catalog No. A15294
    Quick View
    Caspase-3 抑制剂
    AZ 10417808,caspase-3的选择性非肽抑制剂(Ki = 247 nM);相对于半胱氨酸蛋白酶1、2、6、7和8(Ki> 10 uM)显示的选择性> 40倍。 了解更多
  44. Ac-DEVD-CHO

    Catalog No. A15816
    Quick View
    Caspase 抑制剂
    Ac-DEVD-CHO是醛肽和CPP32/Apopain抑制剂。 了解更多
  45. Z-VEID-FMK

    Catalog No. A12611
    Quick View
    Caspase-6 抑制剂
    Z-VEID-FMK是caspase-6 / Mch2的特异性识别序列。 Z-VEID-FMK是不可逆地抑制VEID依赖性胱天蛋白酶(例如caspase-6)活性的合成肽。 抑制剂被设计为甲酯,以促进细胞渗透性。 了解更多
  46. Z-VDVAD-FMK

    Catalog No. A12637
    Quick View
    Caspase-2 抑制剂
    Z-VDVAD-FMK是caspase-2的细胞渗透性不可逆抑制剂。半胱天冬酶抑制剂在研究生物学过程中起重要作用。 了解更多
  47. Z-DQMD-FMK

    Catalog No. A12697
    Quick View
    Caspase-3 抑制剂
    Z-DQMD-FMK是不可逆地抑制Caspase-3活性的合成肽。 了解更多
  48. Z-IETD-FMK

    Catalog No. A12800
    Quick View
    caspase 8 抑制剂
    Z-IETD-FMK是caspase 8的特异性抑制剂。 了解更多
  49. EP1013

    Catalog No. A11212
    Quick View
    caspase inhibitor
    EP1013 is a broad-spectrum caspase selective inhibitor, used in the research of type 1 diabetes. 了解更多

产品 51 到 100 共 145个

每页
页面:
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3

设置降序顺序
Rewards